In the final lines of his first letter to the Corinthians, Paul delivers one of the most solemn and unsettling statements in all of Scripture:
“If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema. Maranatha.”
(1 Corinthians 16:22, KJV)
After teaching on the resurrection of the dead, the collection for the Jerusalem saints, and sending greetings from fellow workers, Paul suddenly pronounces a curse. The Greek word anathema is not a mild disapproval or a gentle warning. It is the strongest term Paul ever uses for spiritual condemnation—something or someone devoted to destruction, set apart under the judgment of God. The Aramaic cry that immediately follows, Maranatha—“Our Lord, come!”—only heightens the intensity. The return of Christ is the blessed hope of those who love Him and the day of terror for those who do not.
This verse is almost never preached today. It is too severe, too uncompromising, too far removed from the tone of modern, seeker-friendly, positive Christianity. Yet it stands in the canon, untouched and unflinching. What does Paul mean when he says someone “does not love the Lord Jesus Christ”? And what does this warning mean for the church in our time?
Jesus Himself Defined What Love for Him Looks Like
Jesus answered the question long before Paul wrote it. In the upper room, on the night He was betrayed, He spoke plainly to His disciples:
“If anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him. Whoever does not love me does not keep my words. And the word that you hear is not mine but the Father’s who sent me.”
(John 14:23–24, ESV)
One of the most sobering realities of Paul’s warning is that he is not addressing unbelievers or atheists. He is writing to the church — to people who already profess faith in Christ, who have been baptized, who partake of the Lord’s Supper, and who call Jesus “Lord.” Yet within that very church, he pronounces this anathema.
Most Christians today instinctively assume, “This can’t be about me — it must be about those who don’t believe.” But Paul does not say, “If anyone does not believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be anathema.” He says, “If anyone does not love the Lord Jesus Christ…”
And love, as Jesus defined it, is not mere intellectual assent or a one-time confession. It is obedience, submission, and loyalty to His lordship. The verse is aimed squarely at those who claim to know Him but deny Him by their lives — through persistent sin, lukewarmness, self-seeking, or refusal to submit to His word. The Lord detests lukewarm believers (Revelation 3:15–16), and Paul’s warning makes it clear: even those inside the church are not exempt.
The writer of Hebrews echoes this same sobering reality when he warns of those who have been enlightened, tasted the heavenly gift, shared in the Holy Spirit, and tasted the goodness of the word of God — yet fall away. For such people, he says, it is impossible to renew them again to repentance, since they are crucifying once again the Son of God and holding Him up to contempt (Hebrews 6:4–6). This is not a description of unbelievers who never truly came to Christ — it is a warning to those who have experienced the reality of the gospel but do not persevere in love and obedience. The trajectory is the same as Paul’s: those who do not continue to love the Lord Jesus Christ by keeping His word stand under the most serious judgment.
No wonder Paul himself instructs the Corinthians:
“Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates?” (2 Corinthians 13:5, KJV).
The very apostle who pronounces the anathema commands believers to test the authenticity of their faith and love for Christ — lest they prove to be reprobate.
Paul gives a similar warning to Gentile believers in Romans 11:
“If you have been cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree… Do not be arrogant… if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you. They were broken off because of unbelief, but you stand fast through faith. So do not become proud, but fear. For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you if you do not continue in his kindness” (Romans 11:20–22).
The message is unmistakable: even those grafted in by faith can be cut off if they do not persevere in faith and obedience.
In the very same letter to the Corinthians, Paul uses Israel in the wilderness as a stark example:
“Now these things took place as examples for us, that we might not desire evil as they did… Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come. Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall” (1 Corinthians 10:6, 11–12).
The Israelites had been delivered from Egypt, baptized into Moses, ate the manna, drank from the rock (Christ), yet most were destroyed in the wilderness for idolatry, immorality, testing God, and grumbling. Paul’s point is clear: those who have experienced God’s grace can still be destroyed if they do not continue in love and obedience to the Lord.
And earlier in the same discourse:
“If you love me, you will keep my commandments.”
(John 14:15)
For Jesus, love for Him is not primarily an emotional experience or a warm feeling. It is obedience, submission, and loyalty to His lordship. Where there is no keeping of His word, there is no genuine love. Paul’s anathema in 1 Corinthians 16:22 is not an addition to Jesus’ teaching — it is the apostolic application of it, delivered with the full weight of his authority.
The Marks of a Life That Does Not Love the Lord
Scripture paints a clear and sobering portrait of what a life that “does not love the Lord Jesus Christ” looks like. These are not occasional failures that believers repent of and turn from. They are persistent patterns that reveal a heart that has not truly submitted to Christ’s lordship.
Persistent, unrepentant sin
“No one who abides in him keeps on sinning,” John writes (1 John 3:6). A life marked by willful, ongoing rebellion against God’s commands shows that the person is not abiding in Christ. When sin becomes a lifestyle rather than a struggle, it is evidence of a heart that does not love the Lord.
This includes maintaining a loving heart toward the brethren — for hatred, backbiting, discord, quarrels, and fights among God’s people are equally clear signs of not remaining in the Lord. “Whoever hates his brother is in the darkness and does not know where he is going,” John declares (1 John 2:11). Love is the crux of the Christian life: “Above all, keep loving one another earnestly, since love covers a multitude of sins” (1 Peter 4:8). Where there is persistent division and lack of love for the brethren, there is no genuine love for Christ.
Taking grace for granted / absence of the fear of the Lord
“Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? By no means!” Paul exclaims (Romans 6:1). Those who presume upon God’s grace, who treat it as a license to sin without reverence or awe before a holy God, show contempt for His holiness. “Our God is a consuming fire,” Hebrews reminds us (Hebrews 12:29), and those who lack the fear of the Lord despise both His mercy and His justice.
Disregarding or disobeying the word of God
“Whoever says ‘I know him’ but does not keep his commandments is a liar,” John declares (1 John 2:4). To ignore, twist, or disobey Scripture is to reject Christ’s authority as Lord. Those who approach God’s word without trembling, who engage in eisegesis to bend it to their own desires or agendas, lack the fear that is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 1:7; Isaiah 66:2). “The ignorant and unstable twist [the Scriptures] to their own destruction,” Peter warns (2 Peter 3:16).
Hating the brethren / sowing division and discord
“Whoever hates his brother is in the darkness,” John writes, and “Whoever hates his brother is a murderer” (1 John 2:9; 3:15). Hatred among professing believers, gossip, slander, and the sowing of division prove there is no love for God. “If anyone says, ‘I love God,’ and hates his brother, he is a liar” (1 John 4:20).
Self-serving ministry / exploiting the sheep
“They are shepherds who feed only themselves,” Jude laments (Jude 12). Ministers who use the flock for personal gain, reputation, or power—rather than caring for them as Christ the Chief Shepherd—do not love Him. They are hirelings who flee when danger comes (John 10:12–13) and wolves who devour the sheep (Acts 20:29–30).
Friendship with the world / spiritual adultery
“Friendship with the world is enmity with God,” James declares (James 4:4). Those who coalesce with the spirit of this age, who love its values, its entertainment, its philosophies, and its morality, declare themselves enemies of God. “Do not love the world or the things in the world,” John warns (1 John 2:15).
Loving and pursuing mammon
“You cannot serve God and money,” Jesus said plainly (Matthew 6:24; 1 Timothy 6:11). Greed, the pursuit of wealth, status, or power, is idolatry (Colossians 3:5). When someone’s life is driven by the love of money rather than the love of Christ, they have chosen a different master.
Dragging souls after themselves instead of after Christ
“From among your own selves will arise men speaking twisted things, to draw away the disciples after them,” Paul warned the Ephesian elders (Acts 20:30). Personality cults, manipulation, control, and the building of empires around a human name steal the allegiance that belongs to Jesus alone. True shepherds point people to Christ; false ones draw people to themselves. Men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness – 1 Timothy 6:5; Mark 13:22.
Denying Christ in word or deed
“Whoever denies me before men, I also will deny before my Father who is in heaven,” Jesus said (Matthew 10:33). A life that refuses to confess Christ’s lordship in practice—whether through cowardice, compromise, or open rejection—stands condemned.
All of these are not mere imperfections or “struggles” in believers. They are marks of a life that does not love the Lord Jesus Christ in the biblical, covenantal sense. Paul’s warning is not an overstatement. He repeats the same curse in Galatians 1:8–9 against those who preach a false gospel. In both cases, the root issue is the same: rejection of Christ’s lordship. The result is the same—separation from God’s covenant blessings and exposure to final judgment.
The Weight of the Warning and the Cry of Maranatha
Paul does not pronounce this anathema lightly. The immediate follow-up, Maranatha—“Our Lord, come!”—makes the stakes clear. The return of Christ is the blessed hope of those who love Him and the day of terror for those who do not.
That is why Paul writes elsewhere, “knowing the terror of the Lord, we persuade others” (2 Corinthians 5:11, KJV). This terror of the Lord is not just the dread of giving an account at the judgment seat — it is the fearful reality of final condemnation for those who do not truly love and obey Christ. It is the very foundation of New Testament ministry and Christian living, driving Paul to warn and plead with urgency.
One of the most terrifying realities of this warning comes from the lips of Jesus Himself in the Sermon on the Mount. On the day of judgment, many will say to Him, “Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?” But He will declare to them, “I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness” (Matthew 7:21–23). These are people who professed faith, performed religious acts, and even claimed to serve Christ — yet they are cast into eternal fire. Their entire Christian profession was for nothing because they never truly loved Him; they never truly submitted to His lordship. They were never abiding in Him.
A Call to Examine Ourselves
This is not a message to despair over every sin or moment of doubt. Scripture distinguishes between those who stumble but repent (1 John 1:9; 2:1) and those who persist in rebellion with no fruit of genuine faith (Matthew 7:19–23; 1 John 3:9–10). The difference is repentance, humility, and a life that increasingly bears the marks of true love for Christ.
But it is a solemn call to self-examination:
“Examine yourselves, to see whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Or do you not realize this about yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you?—unless indeed you fail to meet the test!” (2 Corinthians 13:5)
Do we truly love the Lord Jesus Christ?
Do we keep His word?
Do we fear Him?
Do we love His people?
Do we point others to Him alone?
Conclusion
The church today is filled with noise, platforms, programs, and personalities. Yet Paul’s final word in 1 Corinthians cuts through it all like a sword:
If anyone does not love the Lord Jesus Christ—let him be anathema. Maranatha.
Therefore, let us offer to God acceptable worship, with reverence and awe, for our God is a consuming fire. (Hebrews 12:28–29)
And if you call on the Father who judges impartially according to each one’s deeds, conduct yourselves with fear throughout the time of your sojourning. (1 Peter 1:17)
He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. (Revelation 3:22)
Come, Lord Jesus.
And may He find a people who truly love Him—not with lip service, but with lives surrendered, obedient, humble, and wholly devoted to His name alone.